Researchers: New York City is sinking

If rising oceans aren’t worry enough, add this to the risks New York City faces: The island metropolis is slowly sinking under the weight of its skyscrapers, homes, asphalt and humanity itself.

New research estimates that the city’s landmass is sinking at an average rate of 1-2 millimeters per year, something referred to as subsidence.

That natural process happens everywhere as ground is compressed, but the study published this month in the journal Earth’s Future sought to estimate how the massive weight of the city itself is hurrying things along.

More than 1 million buildings are spread across the city’s five boroughs. The research team calculated that all those structures add up to about 1.7 trillion tons of concrete, metal and glass — about the mass of 4,700 Empire State buildings — pressing down on the earth.

The rate of compression varies throughout the city. Midtown Manhattan’s skyscrapers are largely built on rock, which compresses very little, while some parts of Brooklyn, Queens and downtown Manhattan are on looser soil and are sinking faster, the study revealed.

While the process is slow, lead researcher Tom Parsons of the U.S. Geological Survey said parts of the city will eventually be under water.

“It’s inevitable. The ground is going down, and the water’s coming up. At some point, those two levels will meet,” said Parsons, whose job is to forecast hazardous events — from earthquakes and tsunamis to incremental shifts of the ground below us.

No need to invest in life preservers just yet, Parsons assured.

He said his study merely points out that buildings themselves are contributing — albeit incrementally — to the shifting landscape. Parsons and his team of researchers reached their conclusions using satellite imaging, data modeling and a lot of mathematical assumptions.

It will take hundreds of years — precisely when is unclear — before New York becomes America’s version of Venice, which is famously sinking into the Adriatic Sea.

But parts of the city are more at risk.

“There’s a lot of weight there, a lot of people there,” Parsons said, referring specifically to Manhattan. “The average elevation in the southern part of the island is only one or two meters above sea level — it is very close to the to the waterline, and so it is a deep concern.”

Because the ocean is rising at a similar rate as the land is sinking — the earths changing climate could accelerate the timeline for parts of the city to disappear under water.

“It doesn’t mean that we should stop building buildings. It doesn’t mean that the buildings are themselves the sole cause of this. There are a lot of factors,” Parsons said. “The purpose was to point this out in advance before it becomes a bigger problem.”

Already, New York City is at risk of flooding because of massive storms that can cause the ocean to swell inland or inundate neighborhoods with torrential rain.

The resulting flooding could have destructive and deadly consequences, as demonstrated by Hurricane Sandy a decade ago and super storm Ida just two years ago.

“From a scientific perspective, this is an important study,” said Andrew Kruczkiewicz, a senior researcher at Columbia University’s Climate School who was not involved in the research.

Its findings could help inform policy makers as they draft ongoing plans to combat — or at least forestall — the rising tides.

“We can’t sit around and wait for a critical threshold of sea level rise to occur,” he said, “because waiting could mean we would be missing out on taking anticipatory action and preparedness measures,” Kruczkiewicz said.

New Yorkers like Tracy Miles was incredulous at first. “I think it’s a made up story,” he said. Then he gave more thought as he looked out at sailboats bobbing in the water in downtown Manhattan.

“We do have an excessive amount of skyscrapers, apartment buildings, corporate offices and retail spaces,” he said. “Because of our density, everything has to be built up — which requires more metal, steel, concrete, asphalt — which does make the point.”

New York City isn’t the only place sinking. San Francisco is, too — putting considerable pressure on the ground and on active earthquake faults. In Indonesia, the government is planning on a possible abandonment of its current capital, Jakarta, which is sinking into the Java Sea, by building a new capital on higher ground on an entirely different island.

AP video shot by Ted Shaffrey